The article will discuss two syndromes, Cloves and Chandler. Most of us have no idea what these diseases are, so in this article, we will find out some important things about them.
- What are Cloves and Chandler Syndromes?
- After Knowing About Cloves, Chandler Syndrome Is Now Our Topic, Lets Learn About It.
- What Are The Causes of Cloves and Chandler’s Syndrome?
- What Are The Signs And Symptoms of Cloves and Chandler Syndrome?
- Treatment of Cloves and Chandler Syndrome
- Conclusion of Cloves and Chandler:
In this article, we will discuss two syndromes, Cloves and Chandler. Most of us are unaware of these diseases, and we have not heard about them before. This is why in this article we will learn about some of the most important aspects of these diseases.
Like, their nature, causes, symptoms and treatment. Some of you may know about them somehow, but there is always some information that you should know to help yourself and others too. If you want to know more about Cloves and Chandler, then you are in the right place.
What are Cloves and Chandler Syndromes?
Cloves Syndrome
It is a rare overgrowth syndrome with complex vascular distortion. As the symptoms of Cloves range from mild, in the form of lipomatous soft tissue tumors, to vascular problems, like the spinal cord and internal organs.
Cloves syndrome is associated with other overgrowth syndromes such as Proteus syndrome, Klippel-Trenaunay syndrome, Sturge-Weber syndrome, and Hemihypertrophy.
CLOVES is an acronym that includes the first letters of the following words:
Now we will learn about Cloves Syndrome, Chandler syndrome will be discussed later.
- C: From the word “Congenital”.
- L: From the word ‘lipomatous’, which means something like a benign tumor made up of mature adipocytes. In most patients, Cloves syndrome presents as soft, fatty lumps at birth, often located on one or both sides of the back, leg or abdomen.
- O: From the word “Overgrowth”. As there is a clear abnormal increase in the size of the body or part of it, which is observed at birth. People with Cloves syndrome may have parts of their body that grow at a different speed than other parts of their body. In some, overgrowth of the extremities (often the arms or legs), with excessively sized feet and hands, large toes, and asymmetry on both sides of the body.
- V: From the word “vascular abnormalities”, meaning there are abnormalities in the blood vessels. Patients with Cloves syndrome have various capillary, venous, and lymphatic abnormalities called “slow-flowing lesions”. In some patients we see combined lesions (of the fast-flowing type) and serious vascular malformations called arteriovenous malformations. The effect of a vascular malformation on the patient varies according to the type, size, and location.
- E: From the word “Epidermal nevus”. These are chronic, well-defined, healthy, skin-colored, raised or warty skin lesions.
- S: From the word “scoliosis”. Some people with Cloves syndrome have a tight spinal cord, vascular abnormalities in or around the spinal cord, and other differences from the normal shape. Rapid-flowing and highly aggressive spinal lesions (eg, arteriovenous malformations) may cause serious neurological problems and paralysis. The syndrome was first observed in a group of seven patients, and the syndrome was then named according to the initials of the observed symptoms. As well as the first description of Cloves syndrome is believed to have been written by the German physician Hermann Friedberg in 1867.
After Knowing About Cloves, Chandler Syndrome Is Now Our Topic, Lets Learn About It.
Chandler Syndrome
A rare eye disease in which the endothelium, the single layer of cells lining the inner part of the cornea, proliferates. Causing corneal edema, malformation of the iris, and unusually high eye pressure (glaucoma).
Chandler syndrome is one of three syndromes affecting the eye (progressive iris atrophy and Cogan-Rees syndrome are the other two). That make up iris-corneal endothelial (ICE). As well as Spectrum is a one-sided acquired disease. That usually occurs in early to mid adulthood and mostly affects women.
The condition often affects only one eye, but the fellow eye often has a subclinical role. As well as The combination of raised pressure inside the eye (glaucoma) and corneal edema can lead to double vision. Which often requires surgery that will be helpful.
What Are The Causes of Cloves and Chandler’s Syndrome?
Causes of Cloves Syndrome:
Cloves causes by somatic mutations in PIK3CA, a protein associated with the intracellular signaling pathway. Mutations in the rest of the tract cause other overgrowth syndromes such as Proteus and hemimegaloencephaly of the brain.
Causes of Chandler Syndrome:
After knowing about Cloves causes, Chandler causes are here. The single layer of cells that line the inside of the Cornea’s surface is the endothelium. In addition, one of the roles the endothelium plays is to pump the aqueous humor (the fluid inside the eye) out of the cornea. So, if the endothelial behavior is disrupted. Pumping will fail and fluid builds up in the cornea (corneal edema), resulting in blurred vision.
Additionally, the abnormal endothelial cells can pass as a membrane over adjacent structures. Including the iris and the trabecular network (the eye’s drainage canal).
As well as contraction of this membrane leads to concomitant iris changes (corctopia). And iridotracheal adhesion causes obstruction of the aqueous outflow into the trabecular meshwork resulting in secondary glaucoma.
So, the exact cause of Chandler is unknown. Some researchers suspect that inflammation or a chronic viral infection may be the cause of the disease. Herpes simplex virus DNA has been demonstrated with polymerase chain reaction in corneal samples taken from ICE patients.
What Are The Signs And Symptoms of Cloves and Chandler Syndrome?
Cloves Syndrome Symptoms:
- Fatty overgrowth: Soft lumps of variable size on the back, sides, armpits, abdomen and other parts of the body.
- Vascular malformations: Dilated veins in the chest and upper and lower hands or feet’s may cause clots and sometimes serious pulmonary embolism.
- The presence of large, wide hands or feet, large toes or toes, wide space between the fingers and unequal size of the limbs.
- Spinal problems include scoliosis (curvature of the spine).
- Skin birthmarks include prominent veins, lymph vesicles, moles and epidermal nevus. (Slightly raised areas of skin that are light brown in color).
- Finally, renal malformations: The size of the kidneys can be asymmetric (one of them is larger).
Chandler Syndrome Symptoms:
- increasing of cells lining the cornea, corneal swelling with malformation of the iris and glaucoma within the eye.
- The pupil appears to be out of place. Meaning it is abnormally positioned and deformed in shape and size (cerebral palsy).
- The corneal lining usually appears as a silvery hammered surface on the back of the cornea. Because iris rotation may be minimal in the early stage of the disease.
- Finally, Blurred vision and eye pain with ultimate loss of vision.
Treatment of Cloves and Chandler Syndrome
Cloves Syndrome Treatment:
- Medical treatment: Some modern medicines can help control some of the effects.
- Sclerotherapy: To reduce vascular malformations and lymphatic voids/cysts
- Interventional radiology procedures: to shrink tumors or repair lymphatic and vascular abnormalities
- Embolization: To block the channels of blood vessels from abnormalities
- Slimming surgery: To remove some excess tissue growth.
- Surgery: General, urology, and thoracic surgery
- Orthopedic procedures: to correct problems of the foot, hand, spine, bones and joints
- Neurosurgery: to repair spinal block and craniofacial malformations
- Finally, Rehabilitation treatments, like physiotherapy
Chandler Syndrome Treatment:
- Use of eye drops to control glaucoma and swelling (edema).
- Soft contact lenses and hypertonic saline solutions can treat Mild cases or corneal edema.
- In advanced cases, penetrating keratoplasty or endothelial keratoplasty is necessary. Although the failure rate is high with the need for repeat corneal grafts.
- By the way, in some individuals, corneal edema may improve with decreased intraocular pressure.
- Medical treatment of glaucoma usually begins with aqueous inhibitors, including beta-blockers, alpha-2 antagonists and carbonic anhydrase inhibitors. As well as Prostaglandin analogs may be useful in some cases.
- Surgical intervention for glaucoma is necessary in a high ratio of patients with ICE.
- Finally, Trabeculectomy, with variable success rates. Glaucoma drainers have positive results in a small number of patients. But further studies support these results in a large series. Laser surgery is rarely effective.
Conclusion of Cloves and Chandler:
We hope that this information will be helpful to you in understanding both diseases. As well as, now you know the main important things about them. In which we introduced you to both diseases’ nature and their symptoms, as well as their causes and treatment. We recommend you to visit your doctor to regular check up for your body.
In case of any eye-related problems, you must be careful. Visit your doctor from time to time, so you can on the safe side. Also, you can know about any disease your body may have in its early stages. As well as any treatment you take, no doubt it will be helpful to you and your children.
